Overview and Significance of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment

Overview and Significance of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment Have you ever wondered why ordinary people do unusual things that seem alien to their natures? Why do good people sometimes act evil? Who do smart people sometimes do dumb or irrational things? Zimbardo is one of the most significant social psychologist and all his work aims to find the answers to these questions. The purpose of this paper is to go into depth on the previous prison experiment, how it came about, and how the findings play a role in society today. The Life and Times of Zimbardo Philip George Zimbardo was born in New York City on March 23, 1933. His parents originally migrated from a small town called Cammarata, about 40 miles from Palermo, Sicily. Stateside his†¦show more content†¦Eventually the prisoners started rebelling, irritating the guards purposely, and that is when the study actually began. After around three days of the guards and the prisoners going back and forth prisoner 8612 had an emotional breakdown. Originally everyone thought that he was just a weak individual but looking back at it, five other prisoners started having emotional breakdowns as well. I think this stemmed from having all their freedom, their rights taking away over night. Having to clean toilets with your bare hands, and being humiliated sexually in front of your peers. On the fifth day of the study Zimbardo invited his girlfriend to come see the experiment and when she was down there she broke down crying and left because she witnessed bags over the prisoners head as they walked to the bathroom. She said, â€Å"It’s terrible what you are doing to those boys in tears.† At first Zimbardo didn’t realize what she meant so he defended his study stating that this is the natural humanistic way but when she said â€Å"I don’t want anything to do with you if this is the real you.† He then realized what he was doing was unethical and causing real psychological harm and that moment is when he stopped his study just six days in. Reality of the Simulation This brings up the question why do â€Å"good† people do bad things? Although this was an experiment, many feel to this day that this was the real deal. Prisoners believe they lost their true identity. One prisoner stated inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critique of Philip Zimbardos Standfard Prison Experiment1401 Words   |  6 PagesA Critique of Philip Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment â€Å"The Experiment†, an American film in 2010, was directed by Paul Scheuring, and starred by Adrian Brody, 2003 Academy Award’s Best Actor, and Forest Whitaker, a remarkable American actor and director. In the movie, an astounding experiment is conducted by a group of psychological researchers who recruit a group of volunteers to join a prison experiment for cash reward. For two weeks, twenty male participants are hired to play â€Å"prisoners† andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages†¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women†

Phaedo by Plato - 1189 Words

People approach knowledge in different ways. Not many people have the same view on knowledge thus making it hard to grasp. Certain people are rationalist thinkers who regard reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. They believe knowledge comes from oneself which is based out of the mind. The truth is not based upon the sense rather on intellect and deductive reasoning. Contestants of this perspective on knowledge are called empiricists. People who practice this form of thinking conceive that knowledge is produced from sensory experiences. Empiricist see the importance of sensory experiences in order to provide answers about the natural world. Each view has their benefits and drawbacks but each play a vital role in the discussion about knowledge. The philosopher Plato is considered to be a rationalist thinker. In Plato’s Phaedo, he shows the reader that the five senses are not what one should rely on. The senses do not provide us with truth. One’s surroundings a re constantly changing thus, their senses must change with them. For example, in the winter time one feels that it is cold out so one would not walk outside with a bathing suit on. In the summer one feels that the weather changed and it is now warm. Thus, one can wear a bathing suit. Since one’s surroundings are constantly changing and so are one’s senses, they are unreliable when it comes to discovering truth. Plato argues that the only way one’s sensory experiences can be corrected is through his Forms.Show MoreRelatedThe Apology And Phaedo By Plato Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apology and Phaedo by Plato are two different books describing what is like to be a philosopher per Socrates believes. These two books take place in two different scenarios in Socrates’ life, The Apology takes place in a court room where Socrates is to defend himself from false charges brought to him by Meletus who is acting as the prosecutor. Phaedo, on the other hand, takes place in a prison cell post judgment on the day of Socrates execution. Hence, The Apology and Phaedo appeared to displayRead MoreEssay about Phaedo by Plato942 Words   |  4 Pages Phaedo is an account written by Plato of the last conversation of Socrates’ before he will be put to death by the state of Athens by drinking hemlock. The dialog itself seems to recount Plato’s psychological, Metaphysical, and epistemological beliefs rather than an accurate portrayal of Socrates’ last conversation . The dialog addresses three main arguments for recollection including the argument of opposites, the argument of recollection, and the argument of affinity. Plato’s arguments in theRead MoreHarmony Theory In Phaedo By Plato1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn Phaedo, by Plato, Phaedo recounts an incident with Socrates. The story starts with Socrates opening up saying that Philosophers should not only accept death, but welcome it. After all, although the body will pass, the soul is able to live on because it is immortal. He uses a lot of his intuition to back up his claim, but the main rationale is the Argument of Affinity. He claims that the world is very binary. Things are either incorporeal and invisible, or not. The body is physical, visible andRead MorePhaedo by Plato Essay examples2494 Words   |  10 PagesPhaedo by Plato The opening of Platos Phaedo finds Socrates constructing a defense of the philosophical life. When consideration is given to the status of philosophy in Greece at the end of the fifth century BCE, such a defense seems unnecessary and, at the same time, difficult. This is because ancient Greece provides us with the origins of philosophy, and yet this particular period in history serves as a good demonstration of the publics general distaste for and persecution of it.Read MoreThe Flaws of Plato ´s Phaedo Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos final argument in Phaedo for the immortality of the soul is one of the most interesting topics of all time. It goes hand to hand with the application of the theory of forms to the question of the souls immortality, as Plato constantly reminds us, the theory of forms is the most certain of all his theories. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince us of the immortality of the soul by using several main arguments. These include the argument of forms and the law of opposites. In the finalRead MorePlato s Phaedo For The Immortality Of The Soul1701 Words   |  7 PagesPlato s final argument in Phaedo for the immortality of the soul is one of the most interesting topics of all time. The argument of whether the soul exists has been debated for years and even today. It goes hand to hand with the application of the theory o f forms to the question of the soul s immortality, as Plato constantly reminds us, the theory of forms is the most certain of all his theories. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince us of the immortality of the soul by using several main argumentsRead MorePlato s Phaedo : The Soul And The Body1409 Words   |  6 PagesSaila Sanders PHIL 011 Altshuler 25 September 2014 Plato’s Phaedo: The Soul and the Body In the Phaedo, Socrates proposes that the soul is immortal. Despite being a seemingly counterintuitive understanding, Socrates offers arguments for the soul’s immortality and expresses his view between the soul, or mind, and the body. Socrates practices reasoning to establish his philosophy on the concept of the soul and all that it necessitates. He rationalizes four theories of the immortality of the soulRead MoreComparing Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo By John M. Cooper1009 Words   |  5 Pagesin the world. While this exist in the world some of the things that bring people the most happiness in life is achieving a good education, treating others equally, and loving those around them. An example of this within Plato Five Dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo by John M. Cooper is the following. â€Å"Men of Athens, I am grateful and I am your friend, but I will obey the god rather than you, and as long as I draw breath and am able , I shall not cease to practice philosophy, to exhortRead MoreWhy Does Plato Think That the Soul Is Immortal? Is He Right? Discuss with Close Reference to Phaedo 102a-107b.1609 Words   |  7 PagesWhy does Plato think that the soul is immortal? Is he right? Discuss with close reference to Phaedo 102a-107b. The Phaedo is Plato’s attempt to convince the reader of the immortality of the soul using four main arguments. These include the argument of affinity, recollection, Forms and the law of opposites. In the final passage of the Phaedo, (Grube, 2002:102a-107b), Plato provides his ‘Final Proof’, despite seeming like the most conclusive argument it is not necessarily the most convincing. PlatoRead MorePlato s Apology And The Apology1591 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands that

Disadvantages of Online Shopping free essay sample

Disadvantages of Online Shopping. According to Wikipedia (2004), online shopping is the process consumers go through to pay for products or services over the internet. An online shop, Internet shop, web shop or online store evokes the physical similarity of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. Shopping through the internet might have advantages and disadvantages. So, disadvantages of online shopping are has dull shopping experience, risk of online fraud, requires high cost, and lack of quality examination. Firstly, online shopping has lack of quality examination. According to Jessica (2009), there is lack of touch of merchandise because we are only able to see pictures of the items on the website. Besides, we are not able to try the merchandise on especially clothing. According to Watrous (2010), we cannot really know for sure the item that we are buying is really what we want to buy. Not like a regular store, we cannot see and feel firsthand what we are purchasing. In addition, when we shop from a regular shop, we can see, touch or even try the merchandise on especially clothing and at least visually examine that it looks okay. Not only that, we can talk to a sales person to illuminate doubts regarding an item. Other than that, online shopping requires us to just take the word of the description of the merchandise which is usually smartly crafted by online stores to make it sound appealing to people. Normally, the pictures of the items we see online are much better than once we have the items in front of us. According to Norman (2008), we have to buy the item relying purely on a picture and description, we cannot feel or see exactly the item we want to buy. It can sometimes be quite hard to judge the size or quality of some items purely from a picture. Hence, it is better if we shop from a regular store, at least we are satisfying with ourselves to buy an item after do an examination on it. Therefore, there are enough evidences to prove that online shopping has lack of quality examination. Secondly, online shopping requires high cost. According to Norman (2008), online shopping requires to pay shipping costs. Jessica (2009) states that only a few sites offer free shipping, some others will ship for free only if our total purchase price exceeds a certain amount. Besides, for some products, the shipping cost might be more expensive than the price of the purchased product. For example, to purchase a set of skin care from overseas, the cost of the shipping from overseas to Malaysia is much more expensive than the skin care itself. According to Norman (2008), this could take several weeks if we have purchased a product from overseas, and the costs of shipping may outweigh any savings we made on the purchase price. Other than that, one other issue of online shopping is when we purchasing a wrong item by misinterpretation or misunderstanding, we have to pay the cost of shipping that item back if we want to return it. According to Jessica (2009), even if the seller agrees to take back the defective merchandise, we often have to pay the cost of shipping it back. Additionally, we have to call and convince the people regarding the reason of our return. Most online stores have a restocking fee, especially on electronic items. According to Jessica (2009), items that we buy in a store, can be opened within the store in front of an associate after purchase, and if there is an apparent defect we can return or replace it without paying a restocking fee which is usually between 10 to 20 percent. Although an online shopping site may not charge us a sales tax during the purchase, we are legally indebted to pay taxes when we file annual taxes especially if we live in a taxable state. So, we can conclude that online shopping requires high cost. Thirdly, online shopping has risk of online fraud. Online shopping buyers have more chances to encounter fraud because of disappearance of online shopping site, fraud of the actual price of item, and credit card fraud. According to Chits 3 (2007), the site of online shopping may shut down unexpectedly. Not only that, credit card fraud is commonly happen every time we use our credit card for an online purchase. According to Chits 3 (2007) again, it is because making payments online is not always safe. There may be sites which are not secure or do not encrypt our personal credit card data. So, if a hacker breaks in their system, our personal data can be compromised. Other than that, Chits 3 (2007) states that some online shopping sites pretend selling items at a very cheap price and often us a low quality item which is not like our expectation regarding the item. In other cases, the online shopping site may be disappear unexpectedly which is leaving a lot of online shopping buyers who might have already paid for the item but did not receive anything. In addition, shopping online can also take us to phishing sites which want to defraud us. Phishing is another danger, where consumers are fooled into thinking they are dealing with a reputable retailer, when they have actually been manipulated into feeding private information to a system operated by a malicious party. Therefore, we can conclude that online shopping has risk of online fraud. Finally, online shopping has dull shopping experience. There are differences between shopping in the mall with online shopping. According to Jessica (2009), we cannot feel the experience by socializing with people around us. In addition, online shopping makes us to have narrowed minded. According to Jessica (2009) again, online shopping buyers do not enjoy the ambiance and feel more social when shopping over the internet. Online shopping can be boring for many and make us feel lonely. According to Watrous (2010), not all online shopping sites have succeeded in making their sites easy to use or reliable. It is because majority of regular stores have made it easy to find the style one is looking for, as well as the price range that is acceptable making the experience quick and efficient. The internet has made shopping an almost effortless task. It is because experienced users focus more on the variables that directly influence the task, while beginner users are focusing more on understanding the information. In addition, according to Jinnie (2005), we cannot fully experience our goods through online. Online shoppers are not able to try or touch the item especially clothing that they want to buy rather than shopping in a regular store. Hence, online shopping has dull shopping experience. In conclusion, disadvantages of online shopping are has dull shopping experience, risk of online fraud, requires high cost, and lack of quality examination.

Women rights Essay Example For Students

Women rights Essay Throughout history, women have been dominated by men, and were not given their human rights, simply because they were women. Nevertheless, starting the eighteenth century, some women started showing their dissatisfaction with their unfair conditions. They came to realize that since they were human beings, then they must have equal rights as men. In this paper, I intend to show the historical back ground of the earliest womens movements in the world, and to state the major achievement of these movements. Finally, I would like to throw some light on the changes in the status of women in Lebanon. Women have not been sleeping when it came to their rights. However, women have not been able to anything about their rights for several reasons. For example, the role of women was to take care of the home while the husband was winning bread for the family. In addition to this, very few women could read and write, and therefore, they did not have the means to express themselves, or to start organized actions. With the rise of equality of all men and democracy by the end of the eighteenth century, the cause of women started, particularly in the year 1792 when the first feminist publication was written by Mary Wollestonecraft, a British woman who was devoted to the cause of liberating women from their chains. The famous publication was known as the vindication of the rights of women. We will write a custom essay on Women rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to this publication which is the first organized step towards womens liberation, the aim of womens movements would be to eliminate the sexual discrimination against women on the political, economic and social level, so that women would have equal rights to men (Grolier, 1). Grolier Electronic Publishing shows that the first problem women faced was suffrage. While men were able to vote and to participate in the political life, women were not. Therefore, the efforts were united and aimed at winning the right to vote. Consequently, in 1903, the women social and political union (WSPU) was established with its main goal as winning the right of suffrage for women. The Union was under the leadership of Emmiline Panhurst who was able to lead her fellow women in Britain in demonstrations that protested against the inequality of men. The British Public opinion was divided and many women were arrested and send to jail for their participation in the demonstration (1). In 1914, the World War I broke out, and the struggle by the Union stopped until the war was over. However, the Union and other womens organizations supported the government in its war, particularly by participating in voluntary jobs and other efforts that enabled Britain to stand on its feet until the war was over. Once the war was over, the government returned the favor by granting the British women the right to vote in 1918, but the voting age for women was 30 whereas for men it was 21. The vote ages for both sex were not made equal until in 1928. Despite this great achievement, the struggle for equality and liberation did not stop (Grolier, 1). An article in Grolier state: at the same time that the British women were struggling for their freedom, the American women were also on the same road towards liberty. The first organized movement for womens cause in the US started in 1848, though it was among the voices calling for antislavery rather than for the liberation of women. In 1850, the first convention for womens rights was held and it was known as the National Womens Rights Convention. Thirteen years later, the Womens National Loyal League was established under the leadership of Susan B. Antony who became famous for the proposal she wrote to the Congress in 1878, calling for the amendment for the constitution so that women could vote. This famous letter was supported by huge demonstrations and protests by men and women until the amendment was ratified as the 19th Amendment. .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .postImageUrl , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:hover , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:visited , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:active { border:0!important; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:active , .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633 .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1ba4bae4fed800288cb3e4592308633:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Title: Militant Monks Essay This Amendment, however, did not become law until 1920. Wyoming was the first state to allow women to vote in 1890 (1). During the period between the World War I and World War II, women in many countries in the world, specially in Europe gained . Women rights Essay Example For Students Women rights Essay Women rights Essay Throughout the years of marriage and relationships there has been many changes towards the different roles that men and women play. Over this time though there are also things that have remained the same. The male female relationship has always had a type of guidelines. Over the past forty years these guidelines have become less and less followed. Men and womens attitudes towards each other are something that has always, for the most part, remained the same. For all of time men have been the seekers. It is a mans job to find himself a partner. Women get to wait and choose who they accept and who they decline. For example men have always asked women to dances or social events. This has come from males being the dominate gender in society. The roles that men and women play in relationships are something that has changed. Up until recently the roles of a relationship were always pretty much the same. Males were viewed as the dominate figure in the relationship or in the family. It was the job of the male to provide for the family, whether it was hunting for food or having a good job. The male was seen as the head of the family and would provide discipline to the children. On other hand the mother was the care taker. She would be the one to stay home with the kids and not work. We will write a custom essay on Women rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The female would provide for the family by cooking and cleaning and taking care of the house. This is the way that society had worked for a very long time. Just recently things have begun to change. Now days there are many different types of families. It is not uncommon to have a female be the head provider for a family. There are many relationships where both partners work and there is also families where the fathers stays home and raises the kids. The basic family still consists of the father at the top as the main provider, but there are many other ways for families and relationships to be successful. There are many things that have contributed to these changes taking place. One thing is the change in economy. It is taking more and more money to be able to raise a family and live comfortably. This is one of the reasons why you see more and more mothers working. Raising children is much easier off of two incomes rather than one. Another reason is the change in the view of women. Women are much more respected today then they were years ago, especially in the work place. There are many more women today that pursue a career and want to provide for themselves and there families. Relationships and families are becoming more and more of a fifty-fifty split of power. With all of these changes there are still stereotypes that remain. The problem that can come with these stereotypes is when people believe them. For example a husband might not want his wife to work because he feels that women are incapable working in a business or that they do not belong. However this is something that can work both ways. A wife may not want to get a job because she feels it is the husbands job to provide for her. Those are a couple of the many ways that stereotypes can be harmful to a relationship. Views of men and women and the roles they play in relationships will always follow the same basic pattern. There will continue to be slight changes in the roles that each gender plays. .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .postImageUrl , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:hover , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:visited , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:active { border:0!important; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:active , .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371 .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u291c8eec0c9d0ca05db5d4fc77acf371:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Visa and MasteCard Antitrust1 Essay Society will continue to strive to make these roles as healthy as possible for the relationship. . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay Since the first American colonies existed, women have been characterized for having less civil rights with less career opportunities than men. For many years women have been fighting to enjoy their own rights. Women have raised their voices to demand their full civil and political rights. Women have had to overcome many economic, political, and even social obstacles created by men just to be treated in an equal way in the American society. Generally, the women lives have been characterized for being women full of struggles, obstacles and pain. That is why women decided to demand their own rights through their vote. Which their vote will symbolize the expression of their rights and voices in the face of the American society. The first obstacle that women had to overcome was to get their right to vote. It was an obstacle because women without vote married women did not have a legal voice in the face of the government. During the early history of the United States, a man owned his wife and children as they were any material of his possessions. For example if a poor man decided to drop his children to the poorhouse, the children mother was unable to defense her children (Women International Center 2). We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They are some of several obstacles in the old American society. However these obstacles came from the traditional society custom. The traditional roles for women were to raise children and just to become a wife and a mother. Even thought it is hard to understand that motherhood and wifehood were the most significant professions that women could have (Women International Center 1). Women could not enter most professions. Women had to overcome the obstacle regarding educational areas. To be more specific a daily life of a girl of 19-years-old was to be sitting for hours sewing gloves in the company of other women, working for low wages, with no aspiration, with no hope of going on in school or even owning any kind of property. In fact, if she decided to marry, her children and even the clothes on her body would belong to her husband (Clinton 35). Women had to study traditional areas like writing or teaching (Women International Center 3) and if they study those untraditional disciplines like medicine, economic or law, they will considered odd (Kreeps 35). This obstacle is more than an obstacle it is a limitation for the women development. orking women often faced discrimination on the mistaken belief that, they were married or would most likely get married; they would not be permanent workers?(Women International Center 3). The women working in some en professions and jobs?(Women International Center 2), caused an huge economic obstacle in the American society because if a woman that worked in a same job than a men, women were paid about 45 percent less than men for the same jobs (Barko 43). In the American society was a lot of limitation in the areas of career opportunities. However, in the United States during the World War II almost 300,000 women served in the Army and Navy, working as secretaries, typists, and nurses (Women International Center 3). It was a big step for women in the labor area because in 1989, women were part of a 45 percent of employed persons in the United States, but they had only a small participation in the decision-making jobs (Women International Center 3). Women could not decide how many children they would like to have. Families had, on average seven children to take care. Many women died in childbirth, and many others did not see their own children grow into adulthood (Costello 25). .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .postImageUrl , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:hover , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:visited , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:active { border:0!important; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:active , .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746 .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26a713ff12f4492d5d24bae4726bd746:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pop Culture Essay Abortion was also a political and, social obstacle because both the government and the church did not agree this idea. Women did not have the right to control even their own body, specially the right to control their own sexual reproduction (Eisenberg 5). Limitations on a woman rights included the inability to establish a legal identity separate from that of her husband, to control her reproductive capacity, to sue or be sued, to own property in her own name, or to pursue a career of her choice (Jarvis, 150). The inability of . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay Throughout the 1300O to early 1700O, women fought for an education through literature and campaigns. However, the majority of men during the Renaissance era discredited the theory that claimed women could and should receive an education. As centuries advanced, the mainstream of menO perspectives progressively shifted. During the early 1500O to the mid 1500O the opinions of men regarding this topic were very firm. For example, Castiglione, an intellectual man of royal blood strongly believed that women were capable of accomplishing the same things as men. He expressed his believes in court, in front of nobility. CastiglioneO purpose was to inform the decision makers of the society that everyone needs an education regardless of sex. However, Erasmus, another man of nobility discredited the thought that women should receive an education through speeches and books. Erasmus had rigid ideas as did Louise Labe, a French Poet who demonstrated her opinions in a letter to a Pen Pal. She claims that women are surely competent enough to be educated. Clearly, the opinions regarding womenO rights during this time period were all firm believes. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the 1500O to early 1600O, the views of the men and women of the European society drastically changed. The views were not as firm as they once had been and the ideas became much more Diverse. Martin Luther, writer of Table Talk, Distinctly declared that a womanO body was built to stay at home while menO stature was made for learning. Edmund Auger also discredited women by claiming that they could never facilitate a manO job. Unlike those who simply stated that women shouldnO receive an education, Theodore Agrippa D Aubigne thought women could learn, but it would not be wise for them to do so. Still, women like Marie Dentiere believed that women should learn to read and write so that they can express themselves when God speaks to them. Another royal man known as Roger Ascham, teacher and advisor of Queen Elizabeth I, seemed to think that only noble Women could learn. The perspectives during this time were certainly different from those of early years. During the later years of the 1600O to early 1700O, the ideas regarding womenO place in society change once again. The ideas during this time period were similar to those during the early 1500O to mid 1500O. John Milton, a Priest was once heard at church preaching that only men need to be well educated for they are the back-bone of the family. Like MiltonO strong believes regarding this subject, in a play written by Moliere, the impression is given that women can learn, but shouldnO because they already have enough on their minds. Sir Josiah Child, an upper class member, declared that Arithmetic is the only thing women need to become familiar with. The ideas that troubled the men of this age were very much alike the oneO for the period of the early 1500O to the mid 1500O. Apparently, the views of the people during the Renaissance swing like a pendulum. At first, the perspectives are firm and direct. However, they gradually shift to being less rigid and somewhat unorthodox. Soon, in about a century, the mainstream ideas rejuvenate. The rights of women seem to stay the same, during these eras, neither improving nor degenerating. . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay If you ask a young girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she may tell you she wants to be a doctor, lawyer, or even a teacher. That is what any child would percieve their future to become, just like their parents. But what that little girl is unaware of, is that if she had lived a little over 150 years ago, her future dreams would be quite different. Women living a life of religious freedom, having a voice in government, and attending schools is normal in our everyday lives as we reach the new millenium. However, women did not always have an equal say or chance in life. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In our American History, women have demonstrated and worked for reform of womens rights. Through seven generations, it took many meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking, and nonviolent resistance to make our world the way it is now. The Womens Rights Movement begins its task on July 13th, 1848, where a lady named Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided enough was enough, and she started the fight for her rights as well asall womens rights. Within the next week of her decision she held a convention in Seneca Falls called, A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman. Stanton created a list to present called Declaration of Sentiments which stated areas in life where women were treated unjustly. (*1) After the second day of the convention, every resolution on her declaration was passed except the one that called for women the right to vote. As time passed, however, many conventions were held all the way up to the Civil War. Women just like Stanton, such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled throughout the country lecturing and organizing for the next fourty years. A 72 year battle includes many speakers, political strategists, organizers, lobbyist, and so forth, until what is needed is done. Thousands of people participating in the movement to now win that most basic American civil right.. .the right to vote. The vote was finally won in 1920, but this was not the end. Suffragists became active in fighting for the rights for protection from abuse in work (1919), Equal Rights Ammendment (1923), and abortion. The birth control movement was fought for some time and denied in 1936. Birth control became legal in 1965. The second wave for this era started mainly in the sixties. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, prohibiting employment discrimination for the sexes as well as race, religion, and national origin. Two years later, a woman named Betty Friedan opened the National Organization for Women, which was followed by other organizations tending to other minorities as well. By 1972, the Equal Rights Ammendment is re-introduced and finally passed and sent to the states for ratification. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United Stats or by any state on account of sex. To be ratified, it required 38 states to approve, which was said to be just about a shoo-in. So, the campaigns started, and marches, and demonstrations.by 1982 the deadline for ratification reached and they had just about enough votes to support the ERA. Today, at the begining of the millenium, women have made clear progress since Elizabeth Stanton declared enough was enough. The first woman elected to Congress was in 1916. By 1971, women were still less than 3% of our political representatives. And today women only hold an 11% of seats in congress, and 21% of state legistative seats. Although these these numbers seem small, women have made a big impact and changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited womens legal status and social roles. In our country today, a man, or a woman has chance to fulfill their dreams, to go to a good school of choice and become something. When you ask that little girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she is no longer influenced by societys discriminations, she can reach for the stars. .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .postImageUrl , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:hover , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:visited , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:active { border:0!important; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:active , .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bc58bddc3c82a877f82111babd98f1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: First and Second Reconstructions Essay . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay We live in an age where women have gained access, and freedoms to explore a wide range of interests, and life styles more then they ever could in the past. Freedoms to enter the mans work force. Freedom to hold banking accounts, and get mortgages, and loans. In some states, they even have the freedom to marry the same sex. In this age of increasing change, there is one area that I feel women should be protected from, and that is hand to hand combat. I was raised in a household where both parents were in the workforce, and raised two children at the same time. I was what you would call a latchkey child, I came home every day to a bowl of cereal, cartoons, and an empty house. However, at home the traditional gender roles were followed, I took out the trash, and mowed the lawn, while my mother and sister cooked meals, and washed clothes. I believe in traditional roles, because they work. I missed having my parents around, to talk to, and ask advise. It is my hope! that the youth of tomorrow will have a mother to come home to, to laugh, ask advise, and most importantly to love. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Situated at the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery, there is a memorial being built. The Women in Military Service for America Memorial will recognize the 1.8 million women who have served from the American Revolution to present, according to the Air Force News service. The idea of women serving in the military in not a new concept, the idea Architects model for the Women in Military Service For America Memorial. The memorial is planned for the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C of them serving in hand to hand combat, however is. There is currently a law that keeps women out of combat, and protects them from direct harm. Several issues come into play when you consider women serving in the military, including childcare, pregnancy, sexual harassment, and physical requirements. When it comes to child care, often the services provided on base are not accessible at the times needed, and when the parents are stationed overseas, they must deal with non-English speaking care-givers. Sexual harassment (as we have seen over and over in dozens of news reports of women being assaulted or harassed by their superiors) is prevalent in the military. Young women arrive at training grounds straight out of boot camp after weeks pushing their physical limits. They are taught above all else to respect authority and to follow orders. What many encountered at this early moment in their military careers was, at minimum, abuse by the authority they were supposed to respect. What others encountered were, at worst, orders that Sgt. Delmar G. Simpson is said to have given more than one of his alleged rape victims: If you ever tell anyone about this, Ill hurt you. There has been debate about whether or not women should have a separate boot camp, or if they should remain integrated with the men. There are positive and negative aspects to each of these cases. If the men and women are integrated, they learn to work together, respect each other abilities, and learn how the opposite sex react to high-pressure situations. If however, the training was segregated, then there would be less of a chance of a female officer coming under friendly fire of sexual combat, from their own superiors. I feel that women should be protected from physical harm, i.e. hand to hand combat, as well as emotional harm. The question we need to ask ourselves is Are we willing to pay the price to have our mothers in combat? .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .postImageUrl , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:hover , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:visited , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:active { border:0!important; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:active , .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bc070b9335e5484343510f58baf9e4d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consumer As Segmentation EssayWorks Cited Air force news service. Memorial to honor women servicemembers http://www.af.mil/pa/Jun95/an062095_20jun95_645.html Goodman, Ellen. Women put in harms way Boston Globe 16 Nov. 1996. Military Woman Home Page Military Family Life and Childcare http://www.militarywoman.org/family.htm . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay Word Count: 699 If you ask a young girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she may tell you she wants to be a doctor, lawyer, or even a teacher. That is what any child would percieve their future to become, just like their parents. But what that little girl is unaware of, is that if she had lived a little over 150 years ago, her future dreams would be quite different. Women living a life of religious freedom, having a voice in government, and attending schools is normal in our everyday lives as we reach the new millenium. However, women did not always have an equal say or chance in life. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In our American History, women have demonstrated and worked for reform of womens rights. Through seven generations, it took many meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking, and nonviolent resistance to make our world the way it is now. The Womens Rights Movement begins its task on July 13th, 1848, where a lady named Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided enough was enough, and she started the fight for her rights as well asall womens rights. Within the next week of her decision she held a convention in Seneca Falls called, ;A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman;. Stanton created a list to present called ;Declaration of Sentiments; which stated areas in life where women were treated unjustly. (*1) After the second day of the convention, every resolution on her declaration was passed except the one that called for women the right to vote. As time passed, however, many conventions were held all the way up to the Civil War. Women just like Stanton, such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled throughout the country lecturing and organizing for the next fourty years. A 72 year battle includes many speakers, political strategists, organizers, lobbyist, and so forth, until what is needed is done. Thousands of people participating in the movement to now win ;that most basic American civil right;.. .the right to vote. The vote was finally won in 1920, but this was not the end. Suffragists became active in fighting for the rights for protection from abuse in work (1919), Equal Rights Ammendment (1923), and abortion. The birth control movement was fought for some time and denied in 1936. Birth control became legal in 1965. The second wave for this era started mainly in the sixties. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, prohibiting employment discrimination for the sexes as well as race, religion, and national origin. Two years later, a woman named Betty Friedan opened the National Organization for Women, which was followed by other organizations tending to other minorities as well. By 1972, the Equal Rights Ammendment is re-introduced and finally passed and sent to the states for ratification. ;Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United Stats or by any state on account of sex;. To be ratified, it required 38 states to approve, which was said to be just about a ;shoo-in;. So, the campaigns started, and marches, and demonstrations.by 1982 the deadline for ratification reached and they had just about enough votes to support the ERA. Today, at the begining of the millenium, women have made clear progress since Elizabeth Stanton declared enough was enough. The first woman elected to Congress was in 1916. By 1971, women were still less than 3% of our political representatives. And today women only hold an 11% of seats in congress, and 21% of state legistative seats. Although these these numbers seem small, women have made a big impact and changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited womens legal status and social roles. In our country today, a man, or a woman has chance to fulfill their dreams, to go to a good school of choice and become something. When you ask that little girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she is no longer influenced by societys discriminations, she can reach for the stars. .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .postImageUrl , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:hover , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:visited , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:active { border:0!important; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:active , .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ea59857ba9df537a0d9ff03e453d48f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis Essay . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay If you ask a young girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she may tell you she wants to be a doctor, lawyer, or even a teacher. That is what any child would percieve their future to become, just like their parents. But what that little girl is unaware of, is that if she had lived a little over 150 years ago, her future dreams would be quite different. Women living a life of religious freedom, having a voice in government, and attending schools is normal in our everyday lives as we reach the new millenium. However, women did not always have an equal say or chance in life. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In our American History, women have demonstrated and worked for reform of womens rights. Through seven generations, it took many meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking, and nonviolent resistance to make our world the way it is now. The Womens Rights Movement begins its task on July 13th, 1848, where a lady named Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided enough was enough, and she started the fight for her rights as well asall womens rights. Within the next week of her decision she held a convention in Seneca Falls called, ;A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman;. Stanton created a list to present called ;Declaration of Sentiments; which stated areas in life where women were treated unjustly. (*1) After the second day of the convention, every resolution on her declaration was passed except the one that called for women the right to vote. As time passed, however, many conventions were held all the way up to the Civil War. Women just like Stanton, such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled throughout the country lecturing and organizing for the next fourty years. A 72 year battle includes many speakers, political strategists, organizers, lobbyist, and so forth, until what is needed is done. Thousands of people participating in the movement to now win ;that most basic American civil right;.. .the right to vote. The vote was finally won in 1920, but this was not the end. Suffragists became active in fighting for the rights for protection from abuse in work (1919), Equal Rights Ammendment (1923), and abortion. The birth control movement was fought for some time and denied in 1936. Birth control became legal in 1965. The second wave for this era started mainly in the sixties. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, prohibiting employment discrimination for the sexes as well as race, religion, and national origin. Two years later, a woman named Betty Friedan opened the National Organization for Women, which was followed by other organizations tending to other minorities as well. By 1972, the Equal Rights Ammendment is re-introduced and finally passed and sent to the states for ratification. ;Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United Stats or by any state on account of sex;. To be ratified, it required 38 states to approve, which was said to be just about a ;shoo-in;. So, the campaigns started, and marches, and demonstrations.by 1982 the deadline for ratification reached and they had just about enough votes to support the ERA. Today, at the begining of the millenium, women have made clear progress since Elizabeth Stanton declared enough was enough. The first woman elected to Congress was in 1916. By 1971, women were still less than 3% of our political representatives. And today women only hold an 11% of seats in congress, and 21% of state legistative seats. Although these these numbers seem small, women have made a big impact and changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited womens legal status and social roles. .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .postImageUrl , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:hover , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:visited , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:active { border:0!important; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:active , .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5 .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd7e4eef3c0cc7b353749b5b1f871da5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts EssayIn our country today, a man, or a woman has chance to fulfill their dreams, to go to a good school of choice and become something. When you ask that little girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she is no longer influenced by societys discriminations, she can reach for the stars. . Women Rights Essay Example For Students Women Rights Essay If you ask a young girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she may tell you she wants to be a doctor, lawyer, or even a teacher. That is what any child would percieve their future to become, just like their parents. But what that little girl is unaware of, is that if she had lived a little over 150 years ago, her future dreams would be quite different. Women living a life of religious freedom, having a voice in government, and attending schools is normal in our everyday lives as we reach the new millenium. However, women did not always have an equal say or chance in life. We will write a custom essay on Women Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In our American History, women have demonstrated and worked for reform of womens rights. Through seven generations, it took many meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking, and nonviolent resistance to make our world the way it is now. The Womens Rights Movement begins its task on July 13th, 1848, where a lady named Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided enough was enough, and she started the fight for her rights as well asall womens rights. Within the next week of her decision she held a convention in Seneca Falls called, A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman. Stanton created a list to present called Declaration of Sentiments which stated areas in life where women were treated unjustly. (*1) After the second day of the convention, every resolution on her declaration was passed except the one that called for women the right to vote. As time passed, however, many conventions were held all the way up to the Civil War. Women just like Stanton, such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled throughout the country lecturing and organizing for the next fourty years. A 72 year battle includes many speakers, political strategists, organizers, lobbyist, and so forth, until what is needed is done. Thousands of people participating in the movement to now win that most basic American civil right.. .the right to vote. The vote was finally won in 1920, but this was not the end. Suffragists became active in fighting for the rights for protection from abuse in work (1919), Equal Rights Ammendment (1923), and abortion. The birth control movement was fought for some time and denied in 1936. Birth control became legal in 1965. The second wave for this era started mainly in the sixties. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed, prohibiting employment discrimination for the sexes as well as race, religion, and national origin. Two years later, a woman named Betty Friedan opened the National Organization for Women, which was followed by other organizations tending to other minorities as well. By 1972, the Equal Rights Ammendment is re-introduced and finally passed and sent to the states for ratification. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United Stats or by any state on account of sex. To be ratified, it required 38 states to approve, which was said to be just about a shoo-in. So, the campaigns started, and marches, and demonstrations.by 1982 the deadline for ratification reached and they had just about enough votes to support the ERA. Today, at the begining of the millenium, women have made clear progress since Elizabeth Stanton declared enough was enough. The first woman elected to Congress was in 1916. By 1971, women were still less than 3% of our political representatives. And today women only hold an 11% of seats in congress, and 21% of state legistative seats. Although these these numbers seem small, women have made a big impact and changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited womens legal status and social roles. In our country today, a man, or a woman has chance to fulfill their dreams, to go to a good school of choice and become something. When you ask that little girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she is no longer influenced by societys discriminations, she can reach for the stars. .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .postImageUrl , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:hover , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:visited , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:active { border:0!important; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:active , .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087 .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a7c25da015aa172c0fc85ba2fc6a087:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Necklace Essay Words / Pages : 699 / 24 .

Untitled Essay Research Paper 1899Lord of The free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper 1/8/99Lord of The FliesThree major subjects in this narrative were: fright, the demand for civilisation, and instinct to be a follower. The most obvious of all the subjects is adult male # 8217 ; s need for civilisation. The entire antonym of the belief that adult male is guiltless and society is evil is displayed in the narrative by demoing that Torahs and regulations, schools and police officers are all of import to maintain the dark side of human nature in line. When these constructs are ignored or steal off so we go back to the earliest portion of their nature. An illustration of this is when the male childs on the island acquire together at the beginning of the narrative and seek to put some regulations and delegate a leader. This does non work out the manner Ralph had expected, and it shows that uncivilization may happen when there are no ordinances, and counsel from a leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Untitled Essay Research Paper 1899Lord of The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fear of the unknown on the island are in the heads of the male childs because of the panic of the animal. The fright is allowed to turn because they play with the thought of it. They can non accept the belief of the animal, and they besides can non allow travel of it. The acknowledgment that no existent animal exists, that there is merely the power of fright, is one of the deepest significances of the story.I person believes that another is superior, normally in strength and intelligence, they will be a follower of that individual and carry through their wants. At first in the book, Ralph was elected head. Everyone followed Ralph # 8217 ; s bids because he was the superior. Ralph was Jack # 8217 ; s superior, but Jack was still in charge of the members that left Ralph. Jack did non believe that Ralph was his superior in strength and intelligence. He left with choir, who followed him. The others soon believed Jack was superior to Ralph because he could hunt and supply them with food. They, of course, went and became part of Jack’s tribe. Thsi all shows that people are easily fooled by a show of superior ability and will follow anyone that they believe to be powerful.Three symbols used in this novel are: the conch,the boys, and the hunting rituals.The conch stands for order and stability. It was a way of getting everyone together for meetings, and showing respect to whomever was speaking while holding the conch.The boys themselves represent the different ways of life, they had the intellectual Piggy, the adventurer, the bully, and the torturer. These all give the impression of diversity that is found in an actual society.the several hunting rituals symbolize the increasing powers of evil in them. All of the chanting and dancing they did when hunting was taken to another level of satisfaction, and exci tement of that in murderers.Simon symbolizes the prophet-like figure. He is intelligent, and sensible, and he keeps up the hope that the boys will get rescued even when Ralph is doubting it. Some of the other boys on the island find him strange and think that there’s something wrong with him. Simon meets the Lord of the Flies, which is represented by the pig skull on the stick. He is the only boy who realizes that there is no real beast on the island, and the only beast is the boys themselves. Simon is killed by the other boys who were caught up in a savage dance, which was an event that represented their barbaric way of living.

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet Writers spend years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet, novelist Richard Price once observed. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. Its also a good enough reason to gather a few facts about one of the most significant inventions in human history. The Origin of the Word Alphabet The English word alphabet comes to us, by way of Latin, from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. These Greek words were in turn derived from the original Semitic names for the symbols: Aleph (ox) and beth (house). Where the English Alphabet Came From The original set of 30 signs, known as the Semitic alphabet, was used in ancient Phoenicia beginning around 1600 BCE. Most scholars believe that this alphabet, which consisted of signs for consonants only, is the ultimate ancestor of virtually all later alphabets. (The one significant exception appears to be Koreas han-gul script, created in the 15th century.) Around 1,000 BCE, the Greeks adopted a shorter version of the Semitic alphabet, reassigning certain symbols to represent vowel sounds, and eventually, the Romans developed their own version of the Greek (or Ionic) alphabet. Its generally accepted that the Roman alphabet reached England by way of the Irish sometime during the early period of Old English (5 c.- 12 c.). Over the past millennium, the English alphabet has lost a few special letters and drawn fresh distinctions between others. But otherwise, our modern English alphabet remains quite similar to the version of the Roman alphabet that we inherited from the Irish. The Number of Languages That Use the Roman Alphabet About 100 languages rely on the Roman alphabet. Used by roughly two billion people, its the worlds most popular script. As David Sacks notes in Letter Perfect (2004), There are variations of the Roman alphabet: For example, English employs 26 letters; Finnish, 21; Croatian, 30. But at the core are the 23 letters of ancient Rome. (The Romans lacked J, V, and W.) How Many Sounds There Are in English There are more than 40 distinct sounds (or phonemes) in English. Because we have just 26 letters to represent those sounds, most letters stand for more than one sound. The consonant c, for example, is pronounced differently in the three words cook, city, and (combined with h) chop. What Are​ Majuscules and Minuscules Majuscules (from Latin majusculus, rather large) are capital letters. Minuscules (from Latin minusculus, rather small) are lower-case letters. The combination of majuscules and minuscules in a single system (the so-called dual alphabet) first appeared in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. Pangrams Pangrams are a sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet. The best-known example is The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A more efficient pangram is Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Lipograms Lipograms are text that deliberately excludes a particular letter of the alphabet. The best-known example in English is Ernest Vincent Wrights novel Gadsby: Champion of Youth (1939) - a story of more than 50,000 words in which the letter e never appears. Zee Versus Zed The older pronunciation of zed was inherited from Old French. The American zee, a dialect form heard in England during the 17th century (perhaps by analogy with bee, dee, etc.), was approved by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). The letter z, by the way, has not always been relegated to the end of the alphabet. In the Greek alphabet, it came in at a quite respectable number seven. According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), The Romans adopted Z later than the rest of the alphabet, since /z/ was not a native Latin sound, adding it at the end of their list of letters and using it rarely. The Irish and English simply imitated the Roman convention of placing z last.

Threats to Forest Ecosystems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Threats to Forest Ecosystems - Assignment Example The Agenda 21 highlighted the need to alleviate poverty, change methods of production and consumption and addressing various issues to promote sustainable development. In this light let us review the efforts of some of the rich and poor countries of the world towards protecting our environment (Earth Summit, 1997). According to the National Atlas of the United States (2000), United States is a country rich with forests. About one-third of the country is covered with forests which comprise about 747 million acres of the land. Fortunately, to some extent, the country has been able to preserve its forests for the past 100 years. This has been primarily due to reversion of marginal farmland in the east, increased plantation in the south and control over forest fires. However, the country has faced problems due to urbanization, increased agriculture, reservoir construction and natural disasters. Approximately 48 lower states of America have experienced deforestation due to human interruption to such an extent that forests have lost their originality. With the increase in the population, there has been a significant loss of the original forest and the current situation shows that the century-old forest covers only 7% of the forest area. In the east, the forest covers about 384 million acres area and includes broadleaf and coniferous forests. In the west, the forest covers an area of 363 million acres of predominantly coniferous trees. A lot of forest area is owned by private people as well. About 10 million people own about 422 million acres of forest area (National Atlas of the United States, 2000). Nogueroun (2002) states that forests in the United States have played a major role in boosting the country’s economy. Forests are used for the production of timber and nontimber products such as medicinal herbs, berries, mushrooms. Timber industry relies totally on Forests.

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections - Research Paper Example The 2012 US election is one of the areas of evaluation of the impact of media in the electoral process (Campaign tech panels 2012). The 2008 United States presidential campaign coincided with a period when social media were gaining fame globally. Barrack Obama extensively used Twitter and Facebook to reach voters. In 2008, President Barrack Obama’s campaign team successfully used the internet and social network solicit funds and effectively link up with campaign volunteers (Learmonth 16). Despite the fact that experts have no certainty on the extent to which social media impact the U.S election, they accept that opinion on across the social web sites influence election outcomes. The 2008 elections occurred at a time when social media was gaining fame in the society and becoming one of the most prominent aspects in communication and advertising (Metaxas & Mustafaraj, p.473). It offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the usefulness and the success of the different media platfo rms(Dylko, Beam, Landreville, & Geidner, 2012). However, for social media presence to be effective, it relies on access to the internet. According to American Life Project, the access to internet increased and by 2008 over 46% Americans were using the internet, email or text messaging to obtain news about the campaigns. Likewise, the same number shared their views and mobilized others. In specific reference to social networking, only 10% used the established social sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Compared to the 2002 elections, the 2008 elections registered an increase in social networking. While commenting on the increase, in social media use, Peter Daou, an internet advisor for Hilary Clinton states that virtually every platform including the social media was employed, in public dialogue. The social media, in both the 2008 and 2012 elections, was used to introduce stories into the public, which affected consciousness and had a direct impact on the news presented by the mass me dia organizations (Williams & Gulati, 2013 p. 64). The blogs and other social format helped set the agenda for the media and the discussion surrounding the elections. The findings of the day before elections indicate that the Obama campaign was more active in the social media than McCain. In fact on Facebook, Obama has over 2.3 million supporters against 620,359 followers for McCain. In addition, on twitter, Obama had over 100, 000 followers against a mere 4,603. Likewise, on You Tube, there were over 18 million views for Obama against two million for McCain (Gayo-Avello, 2011). The following on social media was reflected in the election results as Obama won the elections. Even on the traditional media platform, Obama enjoyed massive success with over 160,000 mentions against over 140,000 for McCain. The findings indicate that the Obama campaign used the media effectively in the 2008 elections which led to success in elections (Learmonth, 2009). The social media is useful both in fa cilitating and distributing the campaign message. It also offered a platform for engagement on the message presented. According to Learmonth (2009), the coverage of issues was similar regardless of the platform. In fact, the issues covered in the traditional media were reflected on the social media and vice versa. The finding indicates that information transfer between the traditional media and the social media

A quel point la perscution des minorits refltait-elle la volont des Essay

A quel point la perscution des minorits refltait-elle la volont des forces d'occupation et quel point refltait-el - Essay Example La zone non occupee de la [France] et l'assistance necessaires administration economique.2 Il y avait des problemes majeurs. Les deux Francais et Britanniques ont combattu pour l'independance de la France. "Dans la campagne de 1940 les Francais se sont battus courageusement, mais ... [l]es Britanniques ont combattu beaucoup plus obstinement ... ».3 Pour donner un peu de contexte, l'Allemagne avait acquis une partie de la France qui a ete envahie par les gens.  «En occupant la moitie nord du pays et toute la cote Atlantique, l'Allemagne s'est approprie le partie la plus riche et le plus peuple de la France metropolitaine ».4 En raison de l'oppression de son peuple, la reputation de Vichy est a jamais ternie. "L'histoire de Vichy, en cette epoque, abonde en pareils trompe-l'?il ».5 A la defense du peuple juif, les combats ont a l'Est. "Par consequent, au cours de la plupart des annees de combats sur le front de l'Est (ou la majeure partie de l'armee allemande a ete engage), les conditions sont devenues de plus en plus semblables a celles sur le front occidental dans la Premiere Guerre mondiale ».6 Il semblait que beaucoup de gens meprisaient les Juifs, c'etait un sentiment populaire et a la mode d'epouser a l'epoque. "Meme apres la guerre, Xavier Vallat revendiquee, avec quelque raison, que l'anti-semitisme de Vichy avait reflechi volonte populaire. Dans les registres tenus par l'administration francaise au cours de 1940-1944 il ya des signes evidents de l'antipathie populaire pour les Juifs, en particulier pour les refugies juifs etrangers ... ... repandre sur les Juifs d'origine francaise ainsi  ».7 Pendant ce temps, le cerveau se cache derriere la disparition du peuple juif etait Adolf Hitler-autrichien d'origine juive, vilipende les juifs et les exalte la race aryenne ci-dessus toutes les autres races. "Tout le monde sait Adolf Hitler. Notions du Troisieme Reich et la Seconde Guerre mondiale, [assurer] la  «Fuhrer » un endroit sur [dans l'hist oire]. Mais la situation varie considerablement dans l'histoire de cet homme.†8 Allemands voulaient eliminer totalement le peuple juif. "[L'Allemand] Armee et la Marine ... [A] l'avantage de la situation ... nouvelle [s] de faire valoir leurs interets.†9 Les gitans ont ete un autre peuple qui ont ete persecutes par les Allemands. "Si les ambitions allemandes en France concernees les moyens de maximiser l'exploitation de l'economie francaise dans l'interet de l'Allemagne, Vichy a saisi l'occasion fournie par la conquete allemande de realiser un [efficace] purge de la societe francaise, et un remodelage de la France a son image ».10 La persecution de toute personne consideree comme anormale a ete facilement acceptee par la societe francaise. Cette  «purge » de la societe francaise etait en effet l'un qui comprend un secteur important de personnes-des personnes handicapees, les personnes qui avaient des malformations congenitales, et cetera. Personne n'a ete epargne p ar le grand filet et le mal qui a ete coule pour tous ceux qui ont regarde differemment, agi differemment, ou ont vecu d'une maniere differente que le reste de la dynamique de la societe.Le francais de la

Journalists And Public Relations Practitioners Media Essay

Journalists And Public Relations Practitioners Media Essay Since studying and undertaking work experience in the field of public relations I have realised the need for a good relationship between journalists and PR practitioners if both professions want to achieve their goals and do their job to the highest standard. Writing press releases and then sending them to journalists is an important aspect of a PR practitioners job, so a good relationship between the two is important. Both professions rely on each other; journalists need PR practitioners to provide them with newsworthy stories about their clients or organisation they are working for and PR practitioners need journalists to publish the press releases that they send to them on behalf of their clients or organisation. After writing some press releases and sending them to journalists while undertaking work experience at The Phoenix Partners I found that three of the four press releases which I had written were published by at least one of the journalists which I had sent them to. I also found after analysing press cuttings that many of the press releases written by my colleagues were also often used by journalists. After speaking to two PR practitioners who previously worked as journalists, I was told that PR practitioners are having a big influence in the setting of the news agenda as many of their news stories are being used by the relevant media. What I have learnt while studying PR confirms that what I have seen first hand from my work experience and what I have been told by ex journalists is correct and I have decided to research this topic further to gain a more in-depth knowledge of it. Research Questions In order to come to a conclusion to see whether the influence of the news agenda is being transferred from journalists towards PR practitioners, I have formulated the following research questions: How common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR activity? Do PR practitioners generally have a good relationship with journalists? Has there been a shift in employment in PR and journalism? Methodology To answer the question and to see whether the influence of the news agenda is being transferred from journalists towards public relations practitioners, I will be using a combination of primary and secondary research methods. There has already been a lot of secondary research conducted on this area of PR and journalism and this research will help me to answer all of my research questions. This secondary research includes research already conducted by national organisations and academic teams. I will also be using academic and professional sources in researching the topic. This includes the use of academic textbooks, websites, magazines, newspapers and media reports, allowing me to use a mixture of factual data as well as the thoughts and opinions of researchers, academics and practitioners in the field of PR and journalism. My study will also make use of primary research methods in answering two of my research questions; how common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR activity and do PR practitioners generally have a good relationship with journalists? The primary research will consist of conducting questionnaires, one sent to PR practitioners and one sent to journalists within the West Midlands, England. The questionnaires will ask both open-ended and closed-ended questions which will provide me with enough information to analyse my findings and answer my research questions. I have chosen to use the West Midlands for my investigation as I already have lots of contacts who are PR practitioners within this area and therefore I will benefit from a higher response rate than if I were to send the questionnaire to people who I dont know from other areas. I will use my PR contacts to help me find journalists to respond to the questionnaire, as well as using Mediadisk to find journalists within the West Midlands and contact them directly. The sampling methods I am using are a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Forzano and Gravetta (2008) state that convenience sampling is where researchers use participants who are easy to get based on their availability and willingness to respond. Babbie (2009) feels that snowball sampling works well when a population is difficult to locate. This is because the researcher collects data from the members of the target population that they can locate and then asks them to help locate other members of the target population that they may know. Ethical Issues When conducting primary and secondary research for my study I need to consider any ethical implications of my research methods. As I will be using secondary data already conducted by national organisations and academic teams, I will ensure that I dont pass any of the research off as my own and I will cite what source I have got the research from. While I analyse my findings from the questionnaires sent to PR practitioners and journalists I will make sure that I dont fabricate, falsify or misinterpret research data. This will ensure that my research is honest and truthful, this is important in order to make my study represent a true reflection of my findings. One of the main factors which discourage participants in taking part in a questionnaire is that they want their answers to remain confidential and anonymous, even to the researcher. To ensure respondents answers to the questionnaire will be kept anonymous, I will be setting up the questionnaire online and wont be asking respondents to fill out their name. This will ensure that any participants who fear for their anonymity can be sure that this ethical issue will not pose them a problem. Literature Review The relationship between journalists and PR practitioners, which has typically been characterised as essentially in conflict, has recently been recast as a trading or exchange relationship in which under-resourced journalists, working in under-staffed newsrooms, increasingly rely on PR sources for editorial copy while offering access to editorial columns for PR messages in return (Gans 1978, Jones 2006). However, Tench and Yeomans (2006) state journalists feel that PR practitioners are incapable of manipulating them and that they are an annoying distraction to them when theyre setting out to do their jobs. While PR practitioners argue that media relations works best if its aim is to provide a service to the media, instead of acting mostly as a promotional channel for their clients or organisation. A long standing stream of PR research has looked at the influence of the news agenda. There is more than 80 years of research on this topic in the USA, Australia and UK. Macnamara (2009) states that USA studies go back as far as 1926 when Silas Bent studied the New York Times and found that out of the 256 stories in the newspaper, 147 of them came from PR sources. In 1963 when a series of studies of the news media was conducted in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, it found that 45% of the stories in newspapers and 15% of news aired on radio and television were in some way sourced from PR activity. (Grunig and Hunt, 1984) The New York Times was again looked at along with the Washington Post when Leon Sigal found that around two-thirds of articles originated from press releases and other PR sources. Only 26% of news resulted from reporting, interviews or the journalists own analysis. (Macnamara, 2009) Studies on this subject in Australia date back to more recent times. Macnamara (1993) conducted a study to examine the relationship between PR practitioners and journalists; it also looked at the conflicting claims over the role of and impact of PR in shaping the news agenda. He undertook research for his Masters of Arts by conducting a survey of 417 journalists and editors in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Canberra. He found that 86% claimed to have very frequent contact from PR practitioners and 74% said that they received over 20 press releases or other PR communications per week. At the same time 150 press releases were gathered from 27 different companies and a national press clipping service provided 2,500 articles on the topics of the press releases. The study found that 31% of stories were based on the press releases, only nine press releases out of 150 tracked (1.2%) were not used by the media and the average usage rate for the press releases was seven times. A more recent analysis of media content in Australia by Zawawi (2001) conducted an examination of 1,163 articles published by three leading newspapers to identify the origin of news stories. The research confirmed the origin of 683 articles, of which 251 (37%) were sourced from PR activity. The analysis found that surveys, papers and submissions sent to journalists with the aim of attaining media coverage could also be considered as PR activity and these accounted for a further 88 news stories. Taking this into consideration it was concluded that 47% of news items were resulted from PR activity. Davies (2008) commissioned expert researchers from the journalism department of Cardiff University to study a sample of the news running through the British media in 2008. It focused on five daily newspapers; The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph. They chose two random weeks and examined each domestic news item put out by these newspapers, a total of 2,207 pieces. The study found that 54% of news items showed signs of being sourced from PR activity. It also found that only 12% of news stories in newspapers were independently sourced. Schedule 3/5 7/5 8/5 12/5 13/5 17/5 18/5 22/5 23/5 27/5 28/5 1/6 2/6 6/6 7/6 11/6 Preparation Reading literature Note taking Designing Questionnaire Data Collection Distribution of Questionnaire Collection of Questionnaire Data Analysis Analysis of Questionnaire Results Evaluation of Questionnaire Results Writing Introduction Methodology Literature Review Analysis Study Limitations Conclusion Recommendations Proof Reading Chapter Plan Abstract Introduction Methodology 3.1 Research Design Literature Review The Influence of the News Agenda in Australia The Influence of the News Agenda in USA The Influence of the News Agenda in Britain The Relationship Between PR Practitioners and Journalists Changes in Employment in Journalism Changes in Employment in PR Reasons for the Change in Influence of the News Agenda Primary Research Findings of Questionnaire Sent to Journalists Findings of Questionnaire Sent to PR Practitioners Analysis How common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR activity? Do PR practitioners generally have a good relationship with journalists? Has there been a shift in employment in PR and journalism? Is the influence of the news agenda being transferred from journalists towards PR practitioners? Study Limitations Conclusion Recommendations Bibliography References Appendix